Giải Bài 2 trang 19 sách bài tập toán 7 tập 1 - Chân trời sáng tạo

Đề bài

Thực hiện phép tính (Bằng cách hợp lí nếu có thể)

\(a)\dfrac{8}{{21}} - 1\dfrac{1}{4} + \dfrac{3}{{14}} - \left( {\dfrac{{ - 13}}{{21}}} \right) + 0,25\)

\(b)\dfrac{5}{8}.2\dfrac{2}{5} - \dfrac{5}{8}.1\dfrac{1}{3}\)

\(c)\left( {\dfrac{4}{9} - \dfrac{3}{5}} \right):\dfrac{6}{5} + \left( {\dfrac{5}{9} + \dfrac{1}{5}} \right):\dfrac{6}{5}\)

\(d)\dfrac{6}{7}:\left( {\dfrac{3}{{26}} - \dfrac{3}{{13}}} \right) + \dfrac{6}{7}:\left( {\dfrac{1}{{10}} - \dfrac{8}{5}} \right)\)

Lời giải chi tiết

\(\begin{array}{l}a)\dfrac{8}{{21}} - 1\dfrac{1}{4} + \dfrac{3}{{14}} - \left( {\dfrac{{ - 13}}{{21}}} \right) + 0,25\\ = \dfrac{8}{{21}} - \dfrac{5}{4} + \dfrac{3}{{14}} + \dfrac{{13}}{{21}} + \dfrac{1}{4}\\ = \left( {\dfrac{8}{{21}} + \dfrac{{13}}{{21}}} \right) + \left( {\dfrac{1}{4} - \dfrac{5}{4}} \right) + \dfrac{3}{{14}}\\ = 1 + ( - 1) + \dfrac{3}{{14}} = \dfrac{3}{{14}}\end{array}\)

\(\begin{array}{l}b)\dfrac{5}{8}.2\dfrac{2}{5} - \dfrac{5}{8}.1\dfrac{1}{3} = \dfrac{5}{8}.\dfrac{{12}}{5} - \dfrac{5}{8}.\dfrac{4}{3}\\ = \dfrac{5}{8}\left( {\dfrac{{12}}{5} - \dfrac{4}{3}} \right) = \dfrac{5}{8}.\left( {\dfrac{{16}}{{15}}} \right) = \dfrac{2}{3}\end{array}\)

\(\begin{array}{l}c)\left( {\dfrac{4}{9} - \dfrac{3}{5}} \right):\dfrac{6}{5} + \left( {\dfrac{5}{9} + \dfrac{1}{5}} \right):\dfrac{6}{5} \\= \left( {\dfrac{4}{9} - \dfrac{3}{5}} \right).\dfrac{5}{6} + \left( {\dfrac{5}{9} + \dfrac{1}{5}} \right).\dfrac{5}{6}\\ = \left( {\dfrac{4}{9} - \dfrac{3}{5} + \dfrac{5}{9} + \dfrac{1}{5}} \right).\dfrac{5}{6} \\= \left[ {1 + \left( {\dfrac{{ - 2}}{5}} \right)} \right].\dfrac{5}{6}\end{array}\)

\(\begin{array}{l}d)\dfrac{6}{7}:\left( {\dfrac{3}{{26}} - \dfrac{3}{{13}}} \right) + \dfrac{6}{7}:\left( {\dfrac{1}{{10}} - \dfrac{8}{5}} \right) \\= \dfrac{6}{7}:\left( {\dfrac{3}{{26}} - \dfrac{6}{{26}}} \right) + \dfrac{6}{7}:\left( {\dfrac{1}{{10}} - \dfrac{{16}}{{10}}} \right)\\ = \dfrac{6}{7}:\left( {\dfrac{{ - 3}}{{26}}} \right) + \dfrac{6}{7}:\left( {\dfrac{{ - 15}}{10}} \right) \\=\dfrac{6}{7}:\left( {\dfrac{{ - 3}}{{26}}} \right) + \dfrac{6}{7}:\left( {\dfrac{{ - 3}}{2}} \right)\\ = \dfrac{6}{7}.\left( {\dfrac{{ - 26}}{3}} \right) + \dfrac{6}{7}.\left( {\dfrac{{ - 2}}{3}} \right) \\= \dfrac{6}{7}.(\dfrac{-26}{3}+\dfrac{-2}{3})\\= \dfrac{6}{7}.\left( {\dfrac{{ - 28}}{3}} \right)\\=  - 8\end{array}\)